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PROCESS SAFETY EXPERTISE
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Understanding, Evaluating and Controlling the Hazards
  of Exothermic Reactions

Introduction
  • Course Overview
  • Fundamental concepts
  • The event profile of a runaway
  • Data requirements for safety assessment
  • Desired and undesired chemistry

    The Chemical Hazard Potential
  • Desk-top Thermal Hazards Screening
  • Figures of Merit of Thermally Unstable Materials
  • Auto-catalysis and the chemistry of energetic materials

    Characterization of the Thermal Runaway Reaction
  • The importance of thermokinetics data
  • Rates of heat and pressure generation
  • The heat balance
  • The Phi factor
  • Safe process scale-up
  • Parameters used to characterize thermal runaway in batch reactors
  • Case studies and incident investigations

    Principles of Reactive Hazards Testing
  • Characteristic Thermal Safety Data
  • Principle of similarity
  • Immediate requirements on testing
  • Normal process characterizations
  • Adiabatic techniques for runaway simulation
  • Comparison of Calorimeters: Do the right job.

    Safety Measure Selection
  • Criteria for the assessment of thermal risk
  • Defining critical limits
  • Prevention and protection techniques
  • Deciding upon a basis of safety

    Applications taken from the literature
  • Use of TMR theory to plan an intervention strategy
  • Thermal risk of a process modification
  • Synthesis of diazonium salt
  • Designing a safer nitration reaction
  • Estimating the safe storage temperature using laboratory-scale tests
  • Systematic risk analysis of a Grignard reaction

    Introduction to Emergency Relief Systems
  • Venting as a basis of safety
  • The problem of two-phase flow from venting runaways

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